Abstract
Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Current methods for discriminating cataractous lenses from healthy lenses of Sprague-Dawley rats during preclinical studies are based on either histopathological or clinical assessments which are weakened by subjectivity. In this work, both cataractous and healthy lens tissues of Sprague-Dawley rats were studied using multispectral imaging technique in combination with multivariate analysis. Multispectral images were captured in transmission, reflection and scattering modes. In all, five spectral bands were found to be markers for discriminating cataractous lenses from healthy lenses; 470 nm and 625 nm discriminated in reflection mode whereas 435 nm, 590 nm and 700 nm discriminated in transmission mode. With Fisher’s Linear discriminant analysis, the midpoints for classifying cataractous from healthy lenses were found to be 14.718 × 10−14 and 3.2374 × 10−14 for the two spectra bands in the reflection mode and the three spectral bands in the transmission mode respectively. Images in scattering mode did not show significant discrimination. These spectral bands in reflection and transmission modes may offer potential diagnostic markers for discriminating cataractous lenses from healthy lenses thereby promising multispectral imaging applications for characterizing cataractous and healthy lenses.
Highlights
Cataracts are the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, accounting for more than 50% of blindness in developing countries [1]
Current methods for discriminating cataractous lenses from healthy lenses of Sprague-Dawley rats during preclinical studies are based on either histopathological or clinical assessments which are weakened by subjectivity
The method relies on manual investigation of the tissue biopsies by pathologist which is beset with subjectivity [7] [8]
Summary
Cataracts are the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide, accounting for more than 50% of blindness in developing countries [1]. The process is laborious, time consuming and expensive Considering such limitations, optical and spectroscopic modalities are more rigorous and objective than traditional pathologist interpretation as they provide a quantitative rather than qualitative assessment [9] [10]. Other microscopic techniques which have been used to discriminate cataractous lens from healthy ones include Atomic Force microscopy (AFM), Transmission electron Microscopy (TEM) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) [11] and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) [12]. All these microscopic techniques produce single images on a sample. Multispectral imaging (MSI) provides multiple images on a sample from different excitation light sources and better information than these single imaging techniques
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