Abstract
We present a multispectral digital colposcope (MDC) to measure multispectral autofluorescence and reflectance images of the cervix by using an inexpensive color CCD camera. The diagnostic ability of the MDC was evaluated by application of MDC spectral response to fluorescence and reflectance spectra measured from a large clinical trial. High diagnostic performance was achieved by use of only two excitation wavelengths: 330 and 440 nm. Good quality autofluorescence images of the human cervix were acquired in vivo with the MDC. Automated diagnostic algorithms correctly identified CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) lesions from MDC fluorescence images. The MDC has the potential to provide a costeffective alternative to standard colposcopy and better direction of biopsies.
Highlights
Cervical cancer is the third most common type of cancer in women worldwide [1]
The data set used to simulate the performance of this multispectral digital colposcope (MDC) consisted of 233 normal squamous sites, 23 columnar sites, 63 LGSILs and 31 HGSILs. 107 of the 233 squamous normal sites included inflammation and/or metaplasia. 40 showed inflammation only, 14 showed metaplasia only, and 53 showed both inflammation and metaplasia
The diagnostic performance simulated for the MDC is comparable to that obtained using the full spectral data for all pairs of diagnostic categories
Summary
Cervical cancer is the third most common type of cancer in women worldwide [1]. Cervical neoplasia is nearly 100% curable [3]. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is usually detected by means of screening Pap smears from asymptomatic women. Patients with abnormal Pap smears are referred for colposcopy and possibly biopsy. Acetic acid is applied to the cervix, and areas with abnormal epithelium turn white [4,5,6]. The colposcope (low powered microscope used to examine the cervix with white light) is used to direct biopsies of the abnormal white areas. A pathologist evaluates biopsies microscopically, and the diagnosis is based upon tissue morphology
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