Abstract
Multispectral analysis is a widely used technique in the photogrammetric and remote sensing industry. The use of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) in combination with imagery is becoming increasingly common, with its applications spreading to a wider range of fields. Both systems benefit from being a non-contact technique that can be used to accurately capture data regarding the target surface. Although multispectral analysis is actively performed within the spatial sciences field, its extent of application within an archaeological context has been limited. This study effectively aims to apply the multispectral techniques commonly used, to a remote Indigenous site that contains an extensive gallery of aging rock art. The ultimate goal for this research is the development of a systematic procedure that could be applied to numerous similar sites for the purpose of heritage preservation and research. The study consisted of extensive data capture of the rock art gallery using two different TLS systems and a digital SLR camera. The data was combined into a common 2D reference frame that allowed for standard image processing to be applied. An unsupervised k-means classifier was applied to the multiband images to detect the different types of rock art present. The result was unsatisfactory as the subsequent classification accuracy was relatively low. The procedure and technique does however show potential and further testing with different classification algorithms could possibly improve the result significantly.
Highlights
Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) is a widely used tool in today’s surveying industry
An investigation into the effectiveness of utilising multispectral data for feature extraction has been completed. This was achieved through the use of two different laser scanners and a digital SLR camera to perform the data capture
The combined multiband dataset was run through a generic unsupervised classification algorithm (k-means) that extracted clusters from within the dataset for comparison to the ground truth
Summary
Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) is a widely used tool in today’s surveying industry. Increasing usage of TLS has instigated extensive research with Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) technology, resulting in applications ranging from building modelling, deformation monitoring, terrain mapping and heritage preservation (Armesto-González, 2010). The majority of archaeological TLS use has been limited to recording basic 3D geometric information for modelling, visual interpretation and preservation. While TLS data provides valuable 3D point information, it includes the returning signal intensity information. This intensity data has the potential to be used for determining additional information regarding the target surface (Burton, 2011). At current the use of intensity information is predominantly restricted to research level evaluation; its application to heritage sites could prove invaluable
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