Abstract
Anthelmintic overuse and failure to implement methods preventing the development and spread of anthelmintic resistance (AR) have led to an alarming increase of resistant ovine trichostrongylids worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the routine anthelmintic treatment strategy was effective, to obtain insights into the frequency of AR in trichostrongylids of sheep in Austria, and to determine the presence of different trichostrongylid genera. On 30 sheep farms, the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was performed with the Mini-FLOTAC technique in two consecutive studies. In study 1, only fenbendazole and moxidectin were tested, while different compounds and products were used in study 2. Overall, 33 treatment groups were formed: 11 groups were treated with benzimidazoles (fenbendazole and albendazole), 2 groups with avermectins (ivermectin, doramectin), 18 groups with moxidectin, and two groups with monepantel. Reduced efficacy was detected in 64%, 100%, 28% and 50% of these groups, respectively. The most frequently detected genus in larval cultures was Haemonchus, which had been barely detected in Austria previously, followed by Trichostrongylus. Multispecific resistance of trichostrongylids in Austria seems to be on the rise and H. contortus was detected unexpectedly frequently in comparison to previous studies. There is an urgent need to develop efficient communication strategies aimed at improving the engagement of farmers and veterinarians in sustainable parasite control.
Highlights
Trichostrongyloidea in small ruminants can severely impair animal health and productivity [3]
The analysis revealed that comparability between studies is difficult due to non-standardisation of test methods and non-representative sampling, while it was acknowledged that representative sampling is often impossible or impractical [27]
In study 1, BZ resistance, suspected resistance and susceptibility were detected on one farm each
Summary
Trichostrongyloidea in small ruminants can severely impair animal health and productivity [3]. Modern anthelmintics were initially highly efficacious, so that treatment strategies in the past decades often relied heavily on the use of drugs in suppressive treatment approaches [34, 38]. These strategies resulted in selection for anthelmintic resistance (AR) [38]. Among the tests to check for AR, the faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) is the method most broadly applied It has the advantage of being applicable to all anthelmintic drugs available, but has the disadvantage of low sensitivity [4, 5, 20]. The analysis revealed that comparability between studies is difficult due to non-standardisation of test methods and non-representative sampling, while it was acknowledged that representative sampling is often impossible or impractical [27]
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