Multispecies Adulteration Detection of Camellia Oil by Chemical Markers.

Xinjing Dou,Fei Ma,Jin Mao,Li Yu,Lin Chen,Huali Xie,Xiupin Wang,Qi Zhang,Liangxiao Zhang,Peiwu Li

doi:10.3390/molecules23020241

Xinjing Dou, Fei Ma + Show 8 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23020241

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Abstract

Adulteration of edible oils has attracted attention from more researchers and consumers in recent years. Complex multispecies adulteration is a commonly used strategy to mask the traditional adulteration detection methods. Most of the researchers were only concerned about single targeted adulterants, however, it was difficult to identify complex multispecies adulteration or untargeted adulterants. To detect adulteration of edible oil, identification of characteristic markers of adulterants was proposed to be an effective method, which could provide a solution for multispecies adulteration detection. In this study, a simple method of multispecies adulteration detection for camellia oil (adulterated with soybean oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil) was developed by quantifying chemical markers including four isoflavones, trans-resveratrol and sinapic acid, which used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with solid phase extraction (SPE). In commercial camellia oil, only two of them were detected of daidzin with the average content of 0.06 ng/g while other markers were absent. The developed method was highly sensitive as the limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.02 ng/mL to 0.16 ng/mL and the mean recoveries ranged from 79.7% to 113.5%, indicating that this method was reliable to detect potential characteristic markers in edible oils. Six target compounds for pure camellia oils, soybean oils, peanut oils and rapeseed oils had been analyzed to get the results. The validation results indicated that this simple and rapid method was successfully employed to determine multispecies adulteration of camellia oil adulterated with soybean, peanut and rapeseed oils.

Highlights

Food fraud, motivated by financial benefits, is a common phenomenon around the world, especially for oils, dairy products, fruit juices, honey, wine and seafood [1,2]
As the previous literature [29] reported, the limit of detection (LOD) was calculated as the lower concentration with acceptable chromatography and the presence of all transitions with the signal-to-noise ratio of at least 3, while the limit of quantification (LOQ) was the lowest concentration that met the LOD
The results indicated that the LODs and LOQs of the target compounds ranged from 0.05 to 0.16 ng/mL and from 0.06 to 0.53 ng/mL, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Food fraud, motivated by financial benefits, is a common phenomenon around the world, especially for oils, dairy products, fruit juices, honey, wine and seafood [1,2]. A kind of vegetable oil that possesses high nutritional value, is popular to consumers for its similar fatty acid composition to olive oil. It is called the “eastern olive oil”. Camellia oil is rich in fat-soluble vitamins and other monounsaturated fatty acids, especially oleic acid accounting for more than 75% of total fatty acid contents and other nutrients [8]. Previous study has summarized the effects of antioxidant activity in camellia oil for human health including preventing cardiovascular cirrhosis, lowering the blood pressure, and reducing blood fat [9,10]. Camellia oil has a high risk of economically motivated adulteration

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