Abstract
Landslides are one of the most relevant geohazards worldwide, causing direct and indirect costs and fatalities. Italy is one of the countries most affected by mass movements, and the Molise region, southern Italy, is known to be susceptible to erosional processes and landslides. In January 2003, a landslide in the municipality of Agnone, in the Colle Lapponi-Piano Ovetta (CL-PO) territory, occurred causing substantial damage to both structures and civil infrastructure. To investigate the evolution of the landslide-affected catchment over approximately one century, different data were taken into account: (i) literature information at the beginning of the twentieth century; (ii) historical sets of aerial optical photographs to analyse the geomorphological evolution from 1945 to 2003; (iii) SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) data from the ERS1/2, ENVISAT and COSMO-SkyMed satellites to monitor the displacement from 1992 to 2015; (iv) traditional measurements carried out through geological and geomorphological surveys, inclinometers and GPS campaigns to characterize the geological setting of the area; and (v) recent optical photographs of the catchment area to determine the enlargement of the landslide. Using the structure from motion technique, a 3D reconstruction of each set of historical aerial photographs was made to investigate the geomorphological evolution and to trace the boundary of the mass movements. As a result, the combination of multitemporal and multitechnique analysis of the evolution of the CL-PO landslide enabled an assessment of the landslide expansion, which resulted in a maximum length of up to approximately 1500 m. A complete investigation of the past and present deformational sequences of the area was performed to potentially plan further mitigation and prevention strategies to avoid possible reactivations.
Highlights
Landslides are one of the most important and widespread natural hazards affecting the Italian territory (Herrera et al 2018), partially due to climate change with serious effects on the environment and geomorphology (Crozier 2010)
Six sets of historical aerial photographs were interpreted by means of 3D reconstruction of the landslide area obtained via the structure from motion (SfM) technique (Ullman 1979) (Fig. 3)
This paper presents the multitemporal analysis applied to six sets of historical photographs from 1945 to 2003, which enabled the recognition of the geomorphological evolution of the Colle Lapponi-Piano Ovetta (CL-PO) landslide over approximately 60 years
Summary
Landslides are one of the most important and widespread natural hazards affecting the Italian territory (Herrera et al 2018), partially due to climate change with serious effects on the environment and geomorphology (Crozier 2010). This affirmation is supported by several data sets showing the events and people involved in landslide occurrences as well as the economic and social consequences and the damage to structures and infrastructure (Schuster and Highland 2001; Kjekstad and Highland 2009; Del Soldato et al 2017). Since the beginning of the twentieth century, more than 1400 landslides occurred at approximately 1200 different sites in Italy (Salvati et al 2015) This suggests that several mass movements are reactivations in previously affected areas. Studies of landslide evolution that improve the knowledge of ground movements are essential to understand the mechanism of deformation (Casson et al 2003) for landslide-prone territories to mitigate the associated risk and to prevent landslide occurrences or reactivations
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