Multislice Analysis of Blood Flow Values in CT Perfusion Studies of Lung Cancer.

Silvia Malavasi,Giampaolo Gavelli,Alessandro Bevilacqua,Domenico Barone

doi:10.1155/2017/3236893

Abstract

Objectives. Tumour heterogeneity represents a key issue in CT perfusion (CTp), where all studies are usually based on global mean or median values of perfusion maps, often computed on whole tumour. We sought to determine whether, and to what extent, such global values can be representative of tumour heterogeneity, with respect to single slices, and could be used for therapy assessment. Materials and Methods. Twelve patients with one primary non-small cell lung cancer lesion were enrolled in this study, for a total amount of 26 CTp examinations and 118 slices. Mean and median blood flow (BF) values, calculated voxel-based, were computed on each slice and the whole tumour. To measure functional heterogeneity, entropy was calculated on BF values as well. Results. Most of the slices were not represented by the global BF values computed on the whole tumour. In addition, there are a number of lesions having equivalent global BF values, but they are composed of slices having very different heterogeneity distributions, that is, entropy values. Conclusions. Global mean/median BF values of the single slices separately should be considered for clinical assessment, only if interpreted through entropy computed on BF values. The numerical equivalence between global BF values of different lesions may correspond to different clinical status, thus inducing possible errors in choice of therapy when considering global values only.

Highlights

The introduction of antiangiogenic therapies aiming at preventing or regularizing the growth of vascularization in cancer tissues has aroused lively interest around promising imaging techniques capable of detecting vascular changes, providing fundamental information about treatments effectiveness before the appearance of morphological changes
Global mean/median blood flow (BF) values of the single slices separately should be considered for clinical assessment, only if interpreted through entropy computed on BF values
Global perfusion values computed on the whole tumour cannot be appropriate for therapy assessment and cannot improve the reproducibility of heterogeneity

Summary

Introduction

The introduction of antiangiogenic therapies aiming at preventing or regularizing the growth of vascularization in cancer tissues has aroused lively interest around promising imaging techniques capable of detecting vascular changes, providing fundamental information about treatments effectiveness before the appearance of morphological changes. In the last few years, computed tomography perfusion (CTp) has gained a large consensus among researchers, thanks to its capability of providing both high morphological resolution images and functional information about the investigated tissues [1]. This noninvasive and widely available methodology allows obtaining time concentration curves (TCCs) pertaining to a specific region of interest (ROI) by repeatedly acquiring the same portion of tissue during, and after, the intravenous injection of an iodinated contrast agent [2]. Heterogeneity is an intrinsic characteristic of all BioMed Research International tumours [9, 10], at several levels, ranging from genes to tissues [11], and this is reflected in the hemodynamic behaviour, for instance, in areas of angiogenesis and necrosis [12]

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