Abstract
Abstract. 3D recording is an important procedure in the conservation of heritage sites. This past decade, a myriad of 3D sensors has appeared in the market with different advantages and disadvantages. Most notably, the laser scanning and photogrammetry methods have become some of the most used techniques in 3D recording. The integration of these different sensors is an interesting topic, one which will be discussed in this paper. Integration is an activity to combine two or more data with different characteristics to produce a 3D model with the best results. The discussion in this study includes the process of acquisition, processing, and analysis of the geometric quality from the results of the 3D recording process; starting with the acquisition method, registration and georeferencing process, up to the integration of laser scanning and photogrammetry 3D point clouds. The final result of the integration of the two point clouds is the 3D point cloud model that has become a single entity. Some detailed parts of the object of interest draw both geometric and textural information from photogrammetry, while laser scanning provided a point cloud depicting the overall overview of the building. The object used as our case study is Sari Temple, located in Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Highlights
The recording of heritage buildings has seen much development in the last several decades
The Faro terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) used in this study employs an indirect georeferencing approach, whereas a prior registration process was performed to integrate all the scan stations in a single, albeit relative, space
Several products were generated from the resulting point cloud, including textured 3D mesh models and orthophotos. Another interesting result was the virtual reality environment for the laser scanning point cloud generated using the Faro Scene software. This virtual reality was created from the registered TLS laser scans and serves as a very interesting medium to disseminate information regarding these historical sites
Summary
The recording of heritage buildings has seen much development in the last several decades. Classical drawings and maps are being replaced by 3D models, while traditional measuring techniques are enhanced by range-based and image-based sensors This does not change the fact that heritage documentation remains a crucial effort in preserving them. Limitations on the textural quality of laser scanning are observed in the literature, even when a camera is attached to the device (Hassani, 2015) An integration of both techniques, in order to draw the respective advantages of each method and to complement their flaws, is an interesting subject to address. Javanese temples (“candi”) are religious structures dating to the Middle Ages (9th to 15th century) and are either Buddhist or Hindu in nature Most of these structures lie in the Indonesian provinces of Yogyakarta and Central Java, with some other notable examples existing in other provinces as well (Degroot, 2009). Several examples of notable cases include the work of Hidayat and Cahyono (2016), Lehner (2017) and Suwardhi et al (2015)
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