Abstract
The Basilica of San Pietro is a Romanic architecture located in the municipality of Tuscania in the Lazio Region about 100 km far from Rome. In 1971 the apse dome collapsed during the earthquake and the important fresco of a Christ Pantocrator was destroyed. In 1975 the dome was reconstructed using reinforced concrete.In 2010 an integrated survey of the Church has been performed using LiDAR techniques integrated with photogrammetric and topographic methodologies in order to realize a complete 2D documentation of the Basilica of San Pietro. Thanks to the acquired data a complete multi-scale 3D model of the Church and of the surroundings was realized.The aim of this work is to present different strategies in order to realize correct documentations for Cultural Heritage knowledge, using typical 3D survey methodologies (i. e. LiDAR survey and photogrammetry).After data acquisition and processing, several 2D representations were realized in order to carry out traditional supports for the different actors involved in the conservation plans; moreover, starting from the 2D drawing a simplified 3D modeling methodology has been followed in order to define the fundamental geometry of the Basilica and the surroundings: the achieved model could be useful for a small architectural scale description of the structure and for the documentation of the surroundings. For the aforementioned small architectural scale model, the 3D modeling was realized using the information derived from the 2D drawings with an approach based on the Constructive Solid Geometry. Using this approach the real shape of the object is simplified. This methodology is employed in particular when the shape of the structures is simple or to communicate new project ideas of when, as in our case, the aim is to give an idea of the complexity of an architectural Cultural Heritage. In order to follow this objective, a small architectural scale model was realized: the area of the Civita hill was modeled using the information derived from the 1:5000 scale map contours; afterwards the Basilica was modeled in a CAD software using the information derived from the 2D drawings of the Basilica. Finally, a more detailed 3D model was realized to describe the real shape of the transept. All this products were realized thanks to the data acquired during the performed survey. This research underlines that a complete 3D documentation of a Cultural Heritage during the survey phase allows the final user to derive all the products that could be necessary for a correct knowledge of the artifact.
Highlights
LiDAR survey and photogrammetry).After data acquisition and processing, several 2D representations were realized in order to carry out traditional supports for the different actors involved in the conservation plans; starting from the 2D drawing a simplified 3D modeling methodology has been followed in order to define the fundamental geometry of the Basilica and the surroundings: the achieved model could be useful for a small architectural scale description of the structure and for the documentation of the surroundings
For the aforementioned small architectural scale model, the 3D modeling was realized using the information derived from the 2D drawings with an approach based on the Constructive Solid Geometry
The importance of the Basilica of San Pietro in Tuscania has placed the attention to the issue of the integration of different survey techniques such as LiDAR, photogrammetry, total station and manual measurements with particular interest to the LiDAR technique in order to build up a complete and multi-scale documentation of the site
Summary
The importance of the Basilica of San Pietro in Tuscania has placed the attention to the issue of the integration of different survey techniques such as LiDAR, photogrammetry, total station and manual measurements with particular interest to the LiDAR technique in order to build up a complete and multi-scale documentation of the site. The evolution of LiDAR and digital photogrammetry techniques forces to move the selection of the needed information from the field to the office, after all the measurements have been already done This fact speeds up the acquisition phases but drastically increases the time needed to extract useful information with the different degrees of detail and accuracy required by the different considered representation scales. Both LiDAR technique and digital photogrammetry allow fast acquisitions of a big amount of metric information which can be used to produce 2D and 3D models at different nominal scales [2,3,4,5]. Both raw LiDAR data and the photogrammetric data are shared besides the final products, in order to allow possible integration and deeper information extraction by other interested users
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