Multi-scale finite element analysis of piezoelectric materials based on crystallographic homogenization method

Abstract

Piezoelectric materials are used for actuators or sensors as a component of various electronic devices. Most piezoelectric ceramics have perovskite crystal structure that can be characterized as a nonsymmetry crystal lattice structure with strong anisotropy. They have possibilities to exhibit higher performance by controlling poly crystalline structures. In this study, a multiscale finite element analytical procedure based on a crystallographic homogenization method has been developed to estimate macroscopic and microscopic piezo-electroelastic behaviors in keeping their compatibility and the effect of crystal orientations on macroscopic and microscopic piezo-electroelastic behaviors has been investigated. At first, the macroscopic dielectric, piezoelectric and elastic constants have been predicted for arbitrary microscopic crystal orientation distributions. Consequently, it is possible to maximize the piezoelectricity of polycrystalline ceramics by controlling crystal orientation distributions. The multiscale evaluation of piezo electroelastic behaviors is necessary to design microscopic polycrystalline structures for excellent macroscopic properties. The multiscale evaluation becomes one of essential subjects in material engineering.