Abstract
A computational multi-scale procedure for designing flexible pavements is developed in this, the second of a three-part series. In this study, computational analyses are performed on sequentially smaller length scales, termed contracting multi-scaling. The model is constructed by utilising the finite element method on each length scale, thereby creating a one-way coupled multi-scale algorithm that is capable of accounting for the effects of cyclic loading on the initiation and evolution of cracks on multiple length scales within the roadway. For example, the algorithm can be utilised to predict the effects of small-scale design variables such as aggregate volume fraction, as well as the effects of large scale design variables such as asphalt concrete thickness on pavement cracking due to external loading. The model for predicting roadway cracking is briefly described herein, including the experimental properties required to deploy the cracking model within a computational framework. The article concludes with demonstrative examples intended to elucidate the power of this predictive technology for the purpose of designing more sustainable roadways.
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