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Abstract
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has numerous applications in the field of energy research, in modelling the basic physics of combustion, multiphase flow and heat transfer; and in the simulation of mechanical devices such as turbines, wind wave and tidal devices, and other devices for energy generation. With the constant increase in available computing power, the fidelity and accuracy of CFD simulations have constantly improved, and the technique is now an integral part of research and development. In the past few years, the development of multiscale methods has emerged as a topic of intensive research. The variable scales may be associated with scales of turbulence, or other physical processes which operate across a range of different scales, and often lead to spatial and temporal scales crossing the boundaries of continuum and molecular mechanics. In this paper, we present a short review of multiscale CFD frameworks with potential applications to energy problems.
Highlights
Almost all engineered objects are immersed in either air or water, or make use of some working fluid in their operation
One of the key challenges though is the simulation of physical processes across a range of scales from the macro scales, which are well described by the Navier–Stokes equations of fluid flow, and accessible to conventional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, right down to micro scales at which the continuum approximation no longer holds and for which kinetic equations for the system need to be solved
One immediate observation is that this is very similar in form to Equations (2) and (4), which can be regarded as transport equations for which q = u, where q is some form of energy this can represent the conservation of energy in the system
Summary
Almost all engineered objects are immersed in either air or water (or both), or make use of some working fluid in their operation. Turbulence is a state of fluid motion characterised by complex, transient, pseudo-random motion, and is almost ubiquitous in energy engineering; its modelling presents severe challenges in CFD. Other physical effects are often included, such as chemical reaction and combustion, multiphase flow, free surface flow, etc The challenges are both numerical and physical, and there are a number of reviews keyed towards specific industrial applications or areas of physics [1,2,3,4,5]. These are well established techniques with numerous applications in energy (and other) research. We present some conclusions from the review (Section 4)
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