Multi-response optimization of cellulose fiber isolation from tapioca solid waste and its characteristics

Abstract

The tapioca-based starch industry produces solid waste in abundance that has not been used optimally, especially the cellulose fraction. This study aimed to optimize the H2O2 concentration and the process temperature of cellulose fiber isolation from tapioca solid waste. Statistical regression modeling and optimization of H2O2 concentration and process temperature using the response surface methodology. A central composite design (CCD) was applied for experimental design and analysis of the effect of H2O2 concentration and process temperature on multi-response characteristics of cellulose, consisting of whiteness index (WI), yield, and α-cellulose content. Cellulose fibers were characterized, including surface morphology, crystallinity degree, and thermal stability. The results showed that the H2O2 concentration and process temperature were significantly affected by WI, yield, and α-cellulose content. The maximum WI, yield, and α-cellulose content were 63.99%, 65.73% (w/w), and 78.31% (w/w), respectively, obtained from H2O2 concentration of 22.62% (v/v) and process temperature of 93.51ºC. This cellulose has a relatively coarse fiber formation, with a high degree of crystallinity and thermal stability. Thus, cellulose from TSW might have a potential to be applied in broader fields.