Multipole Correlations oft2g-Orbital Hubbard Model with Spin–Orbit Coupling

Abstract

We investigate the ground-state properties of a one-dimensional $t_{\rm 2g}$-orbital Hubbard model including an atomic spin-orbit coupling by using numerical methods, such as Lanczos diagonalization and density-matrix renormalization group. As the spin-orbit coupling increases, we find a ground-state transition from a paramegnetic state to a ferromagnetic state. In the ferromagnetic state, since the spin-orbit coupling mixes spin and orbital states with complex number coefficients, an antiferro-orbital state with complex orbitals appears. According to the appearance of the complex orbital state, we observe an enhancement of $\Gamma_{4u}$ octupole correlations.