Multiplicity of Styles in Khedivial Cairo and its Impact on Architecture and Interior Design

Abstract

Khedive Cairo witnessed in the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century a great openness to the West, this openness and integration with different cultures and different nationalities, there are multiple architectural styles, and this was clearly and directly reflected on architecture and interior design in that period. So the arrival of Muhammad Ali Pasha to the rule of Egypt in (1220 AH / 1805 AD) was an important turning point not only in the history of Egypt but also in the history of the city of Cairo, and the era of Muhammad Ali was known as the due to its connection with the Renaissance in Europe and its impact on the development of architecture and interior design in Egypt, And Muhammad Ali and his family after him had a prominent role in transforming the course of architecture in Egypt in this way. He and his successors succeeded in changing the architecture system from buildings built in the Islamic and Ottoman style to architecture built on the European system. The goal was to transform Egypt into a piece of Europe and try to implement the system of Western life in Egypt in general, and was called the city of Then name majeure Paris of the East. Research problem: The research problem lies in the following question: How positive is the multiplicity of architectural styles, and what is its effect on architecture and interior design in Khedive Cairo? Research objective and significance: The goals and importance of the research lie in; • Identify the architectural styles in architecture and interior design in Khedive Cairo • Reach the foundations of the modern transformation in architecture and interior design in Khedive Cairo (by studying some architectural models in Khedive Cairo and the interior design and furniture they contain (Prince Muhammad Ali's palace as a model). • Unveiling the creative and aesthetic aspects of architecture and interior design in Khedive Cairo. Research Methodology: This research relied on two fundamental methods; Descriptive and analytical method and field approach. Results: Architecture and interior design in Khedive Cairo was affected by more than one Style at the same time, such as Prince Muhammad Ali Palace in Manial, Palace of zafran, Palace of the Island, ... and others. However, there are several common features such as the site and the gardens that surround it and are distinguished by the presence of four facades Single, inner courtyard, and multiple entrances.