Abstract
The realization of a quantum network node of matter-based qubits compatible with telecom-band operation and large-scale quantum information processing is an outstanding challenge that has limited the potential of elementary quantum networks. We propose a platform for interfacing quantum processors comprising neutral atom arrays with telecom-band photons in a multiplexed network architecture. The use of a large atom array instead of a single atom mitigates the deleterious effects of two-way communication and improves the entanglement rate between two nodes by nearly two orders of magnitude. Further, this system simultaneously provides the ability to perform high-fidelity deterministic gates and readout within each node, opening the door to quantum repeater and purification protocols to enhance the length and fidelity of the network, respectively. Using intermediate nodes as quantum repeaters, we demonstrate the feasibility of entanglement distribution over approximately 1500 km based on realistic assumptions, providing a blueprint for a transcontinental network. Finally, we demonstrate that our platform can distribute approximately 25 Bell pairs over metropolitan distances, which could serve as the backbone of a distributed fault-tolerant quantum computer.
Highlights
The development of a robust quantum network [1,2,3] will usher in an era of cryptographically secured communication [4], distributed and blind quantum computing [5], and sensor and clock networks operating with precision at the fundamental limit [6]
We have proposed a platform that combines the strengths of neutral atoms—efficient light-matter interfaces [15,53,54,55] with telecommunication-band operation [12,13,14], highfidelity qubit operations and measurement [10,11,44,47], scalability to many qubits [8,50,52], and long coherence times in state-independent optical traps [7,45,46]—to enable new directions in quantum communication and distributed quantum computing
We show that entanglement generation rates with N ≈ 100 atoms across 100-km links compare favorably with conservative estimates of the atoms’ coherence time
Summary
The development of a robust quantum network [1,2,3] will usher in an era of cryptographically secured communication [4], distributed and blind quantum computing [5], and sensor and clock networks operating with precision at the fundamental limit [6] Almost all of these applications require network nodes that are capable of storing, processing, and distributing quantum information and entanglement over large distances [3]. We propose a quantum network and repeater node architecture that is capable of high-rate, multiplexed entanglement generation, deterministic internode quantum gates and Bell-state measurements for purification and distribution of many-body states, while at the same time operating at telecommunication wavelengths where low-loss optical fibers permit long-distance entanglement distribution. Our work lays the foundation for a versatile metropolitan or transcontinental network through an architecture that combines the use of Rydberg atom arrays [9,52], cavity QED with strong atom-photon coupling [15,53,54,55], and atom-array optical clocks [7,45,46] in one platform
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