Abstract
Multiplexed bioluminescence imaging of cancer cell response to hypoxia and inflammation in the caudal-artery injection model of bone metastasis during zoledronic acid treatment
Highlights
The bone is frequently affected with metastases in patients with primary tumors in various tissues including the prostate, breast, lung, and kidney[1]
zoledronic acid (ZA) treatment suppresses the growth of metastasized cancer cells by suppressing NF-κB and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activities that may be indirectly induced by osteoclast activation
By visualizing the NF-κB and HIF activities of PC-3/multiplexed reporter system for bioluminescent imaging (MRS-Bioluminescence imaging (BLI)) in bone, MRS-BLI has enabled new discoveries regarding the regulation of bone metastases
Summary
The bone is frequently affected with metastases in patients with primary tumors in various tissues including the prostate, breast, lung, and kidney[1]. Once bone metastasis is developed, patients suffer from pathogenic fractures, nerve compression and hypercalcemia[2]. These events are caused by aberrant bone remodeling through destructive osteolytic and/or bone-forming osteoblastic lesions associated with bone metastasis. It is necessary to understand the states of cancer cells during the formation and progression of bone metastases, but little research has been done on them. Tumor tissues often contain hypoxic microenvironments due to aberrant angiogenesis, and hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) are activated in metastasized cancer cells, promoting adaptation and growth in the bone marrow[7,8,9]. The pathological and physiological hypoxic microenvironments might be involved in the progression of bone metastasis
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