Multiplex Holograms From Scanning Electron Microscope

Abstract

This napr will discuss end displey results of my experimentation to produce holo-graphic stercogram from scenning electron microscope. (S.E.M.)1. INTRODUCTIONLight microscopes present an image in two dimensions, because it has very limited depthof field, which means, it can be focussed sharply only in one plane.The scanning electron microscope (ref.l) is able to provide images of three dimensionalobjects and has broad magnification range, with the ease of changing magnification. Imagesobtained from the S.E.M. are displayed on cathode ray tube (C.R.T.) and can be photo-graphed. Using the gonimeter stage in the S.E.ivi. you can turn and /or tilt the specimen 5° -10 ° and obtain second micrograph. With suitable optical system you can view the twomicrographs as one integrated image.With the Multiplex holographic stereogram, I produced from the S.E.M., no optical systemfor viewing is needed.2. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEOn December 13. 1971 Dennis Gabor received the Noble Price in physics,(ref.2). In thelecture he delivered that day in Stockholm he stated, quote: holography came to me viaelectron- microscopy, when I was working with it in England in 1947. Holography is basedon the wave nature of light- and then he referred to a wonderful simple experiment byThomas Young in 1801, (ref.2).Inspired by reading of Dennis Gabors achievements, I enrolled in class at the Univer-sity of California Extension in Berkeley, in July 1972. After the completion of this class,holographic design, the instructor Lloyd Cross (ref.3) did ask me if I would he willing toparticipate in further development of holography. Due to my mechanical- engineering experi-ence I could give the needed support to group of young people at the school of holographyin the development of Multiplex stereograms, including display system.As young boy, stereo photography was my hobby. After completion of my instrumentapprenticeship I worked with research group, guided by Manfred von Ardenne, the inventorof the S.F.M., (ref. 1). My contact with these talented researchers got my attention to theS.F.M.- development over the years.3. SCANNING ETECTRON MICROSCOPE