Multiple valve operation for advanced valvular heart disease: Results and risk factors in 513 patients

Abstract

To assess the results and incremental risk factors affecting outcome after multiple-valve operation in the early blood cardioplegia era of cardiac surgery, follow-up data (mean ± SD 3.1 ± 2 years) were obtained on 97% of 513 patients (mean age ± SD 58.8 ± 10.5 years) who underwent a multiple-valve procedure between June 1976 and August 1985. Preoperatively 41% of patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III and 54% in class IV.Three groups accounted for 98.6% of the patients: 57.7% had an aortic and mitral valve procedure, 29% had a mitral and tricuspid valve procedure and 11.9% had a triple-valve procedure. The overall hospital mortality rate was 12.5% and overall 5-year survival rate was 67.1%. Hazard function analysis for all deaths revealed systolic pulmonary artery pressure (p < 0.0001), age (p = 0.005), triple valve procedure (p < 0.005), concomitant coronary bypass operation (p < 0.005) and prior cardiac surgery (p < 0.002) as the significant incremental risk factors predicting decreased survival in the early hazard phase; diabetes (p < 0.005) predicted decreased survival in the late hazard phase. Postoperatively the condition of 80% of the patients improved to functional class I or II; only 0.6% remained in functional class IV. The 5-year rate of freedom from late combined valve-related morbidity was 81.7% and that of freedom fron late combined valve-related morbidity and mortality was 71.7%.These results demonstrate excellent clinical improvement and late survival after multiple valve operation in patients with advanced valvular heart disease, justifying aggressive surgical therapy in these patients. Pulmonary artery hypertension is identified as the most significant, preventable risk factor affecting survival, suggesting that earlier operation should be recommended whenever possible.