Multiple Self-Avatar Effect: Effects of Using Diverse Self-Avatars on Memory Acquisition and Retention of Sign-Language Gestures.

Abstract

This study proposes a new learning method that employs multiple embodied self-avatars during learning, to use the potential benefit of virtual reality (VR) for effective learning and training. In this study, by taking advantage of the benefit of virtual reality (VR), we propose a new learning method that employs multiple embodied self-avatars during learning. Based on the multiple-context effect, which posits that learning in diverse situations can prevent forgetting and enhance memory retention, we conducted a between-participants study under two conditions: the varied avatar condition, in which participants learned sign languages with different self-avatars in six iterations, and the constant avatar condition, in which the same self-avatar was used consistently. We employed sign language as a learning material that naturally draws attention to self-avatars and is suitable for investigating the effects of varying self-avatars. Initially, the varied avatar condition performed worse than the constant avatar condition. However, in a test conducted after one week in the real world, the varied avatar condition showed significantly less forgetting and better retention than the constant avatar condition. Furthermore, our results suggested a positive correlation between the degree of embodiment toward the avatars and the effectiveness of the proposed method. This study presents an innovative design approach for the use of self-avatars in VR-based education.