Abstract
This article summarizes the literature related to the pathogenic mechanisms and treatment options for multiple sclerosis, an autoimmune, demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. The etiology of MS is not known, both genetic and environmental factors are known to play a role. The risk factor that is strongly associated with MS Epstein-Barr infection. Other factors subjected to modification are childhood obesity, smoking and vitamin deficient individuals. Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor has been proposed to explain the increase in prevalence of MS with increase in the latitude. The pathogenesis involves a response which is mediated by T-cell directed against myelin and other similar proteins. The function of B-cells in the disease process is not known. Recent advancements in the understanding of multiple sclerosis has led to development of disease modifying therapies, which in turn has led to a decrease in severity of the disease and relapse rates. Disease modifying therapies act by modulating or suppressing the immune system. Moreover, several drugs have shown effectiveness in certain studies. A number of treatment options have now become available making treatment of MS possible. The management of MS is divided into 3 categories:
 
 Treatment of Exacerbations
 Slowing disease progression with Disease modifying therapies
 Symptomatic treatment
Highlights
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an idiopathic, putatively autoimmune, chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterised by multifocal demyelination and axonal loss and results in a wide range of the clinical features due to the participation of the sensory, visual, motor, and autonomic systems [1,2]
The given keywords and phrases were used in different platforms and amalgamation: multiple sclerosis, demyelination, neurodegenerative, disease-modifying treatment
Inflammation, demyelination of the nerves, and axonal loss are all symptoms of METHODOLOGYMultiple Sclerosis (MS), which cause lesions of the white matter in the CNS
Summary
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an idiopathic, putatively autoimmune, chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterised by multifocal demyelination and axonal loss and results in a wide range of the clinical features due to the participation of the sensory, visual, motor, and autonomic systems [1,2]. It is a disorder which involves neurodegeneration and chronic inflammation of the CNS that usually affects young individuals ( women) [2]. MS involves neurodegenerative as well as inflammatory mechanisms that affect both the white and grey matter
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