Multiple Point-of-Testing Nutrition Counseling Sessions Reduce Risk Factors for Chronic Disease Among Older Adults

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to explore the relationships of baseline dietary intakes and frequency of attendance at point-of-testing nutrition counseling sessions to selected risk factors for chronic diseases during a 3-year intervention. This study was part of a large multidisciplinary, community-based health outreach project conducted in a rural community of northern Louisiana. Screenings, point-of-testing counseling, weekly group exercise sessions, and group nutrition education sessions were provided over a period of 3 years. Outcome variables assessed at 6-month intervals over 3 years were body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and total and LDL cholesterol and dietary intake. Repeated measure analysis of variance was used to investigate the impact of the frequency of counseling sessions on outcome variables. Paired t-tests were used to identify points at which significant changes occurred. A total of 159 subjects ages 65 years and older participated in this study. The majority of the participants were female (62%) and White (82%). Attending the point of testing counseling for more than two sessions was important for a significant improvement in BMI (p ≤ 0.001), LDL cholesterol (p ≤ 0.03), blood glucose (p ≤ 0.03), and diastolic blood pressure (p ≤ 0.045). Participants who attended at least three sessions had significant reductions in risk factors for obesity and related chronic diseases, underscoring the importance of follow-up sessions after health screening.