Abstract
We report and analyze hybridization of s-state and p-state modes in photonic crystal one-dimensional defect cavity array. When embedding a nano-strip into a dielectric rod photonic crystal, an effective cavity array is made, where each cavity possesses two cavity modes: s-state and p-state. The two modes are laterally even versus the nano-strip direction, and interact with each other, producing defect bands, of which the group velocity becomes zero within the first Brillouin zone. We could model and describe the phenomena by using the tight-binding method, well agreeing with the plane-wave expansion method analysis. We note that the reported s- and p-state mode interaction corresponds to the hybridization of atomic orbital in solid-state physics. The concept of multiple period s-p hybridization and the proposed model can be useful for analyzing and developing novel photonic crystal waveguides and devices.
Highlights
Photonic crystal waveguides have inherent advantages in photonic integrated circuits (e.g., photonic band gap (PBG) confinement of optical wave, small group velocity and group velocity dispersions different from those of the conventional waveguides) and have been researched actively using various concepts for novel applications
We found that similar multi-mode/multi-band defect bands occur in the nano-strip embedded photonic crystal (NEPC), where a nano-strip causes one-dimensional defect inside a dielectric rod photonic crystal
This paper has found and shown the existence of the multiple period s-p hybridization in the case of photonic crystal
Summary
Photonic crystal waveguides have inherent advantages in photonic integrated circuits (e.g., photonic band gap (PBG) confinement of optical wave, small group velocity and group velocity dispersions different from those of the conventional waveguides) and have been researched actively using various concepts for novel applications. Similar to the general wave propagation within periodic structures and electron propagation in the solid-crystals [11, 12], the NEPC defect bands become a photonic version of multiple period s-p state hybridization. In the NEPC, photonic s- and p-state cavity modes are interacting with each other over the multiple periods in the propagation direction. In [20], the authors aimed at obtaining single-mode bands with large bandwidth by embedding relatively large dielectric waveguide compared to our NEPC nano-strip. In this case, we note that the hybridization of cavity modes does not occur, since well-localized cavity modes are not well defined. For a threedimensional slab-structure, similar generalization may be possible, including vertical symmetry mode effect and light line slab guiding limitations [21]
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