Multiple-peak structures in energy-loss spectra of swift ions

Abstract

Generally valid expressions have been developed for the energy-loss spectrum of ions penetrating matter, separated into contributions with different numbers of charge-changing events. The theoretical procedure is based on series expansion of the generalized Bothe–Landau formula in terms of the probability for charge exchange and is particularly suited for analysis of multiple-peak structures. Numerical results are given for 32 MeV He ions penetrating carbon, a system studied experimentally by Ogawa and coworkers. Accurate analytical expressions for the partial spectra of swift ions are found based upon a modification of the Landau approach.