Abstract
We investigated the molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype Asia 1, which caused outbreaks of disease in Asia during 2003-2007. Since 2004, the region affected by outbreaks of this serotype has increased from disease-endemic countries in southern Asia (Afghanistan, India, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan) northward to encompass Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, several regions of the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, Eastern Russia, and North Korea. Phylogenetic analysis of complete virus capsid protein 1 (VP1) gene sequences demonstrated that the FMDV isolates responsible for these outbreaks belonged to 6 groups within the Asia 1 serotype. Some contemporary strains were genetically closely related to isolates collected historically from the region as far back as 25 years ago. Our analyses also indicated that some viruses have spread large distances between countries in Asia within a short time.
Highlights
We investigated the molecular epidemiology of footand-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype Asia 1, which caused outbreaks of disease in Asia during 2003–2007
Later in 2005 and 2006, outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) Asia 1 were reported in several provinces and autonomous regions of China and in Mongolia and Eastern Russia [15]
Viruses Clinical samples containing FMDV Asia 1 were received from Afghanistan, China, Hong Kong, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Myanmar, Pakistan, Russia, and Tajikistan by the Food and Agriculture Organisation World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD), FGI All-Russian Research Institute for Animal Health (Russian Federation), Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute (China), Project Directorate on FMD (India), Plum Island Animal Disease Center (USA), and Pakchong Regional Reference Laboratory for FMD (Thailand)
Summary
We investigated the molecular epidemiology of footand-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype Asia 1, which caused outbreaks of disease in Asia during 2003–2007. Since 2004, the region affected by outbreaks of this serotype has increased from disease-endemic countries in southern Asia (Afghanistan, India, Iran, Nepal, Pakistan) northward to encompass Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, several regions of the People’s Republic of China, Mongolia, Eastern Russia, and North Korea. FMD is endemic to regions of South America and large areas of Africa and Asia, and it can readily cross international boundaries to cause epidemics in previously disease-free areas [5]. In 2005 and 2006, this serotype reappeared in Southeast Asia (Vietnam and Myanmar) This apparent upsurge in cases across a wide geographic area (Figure 1; online Technical Appendix Table 1) prompted the current collaborative study to determine the relationships between viruses, with the goal of better understanding the origin of these Asia 1 disease outbreaks
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