Abstract
Multiple nutritional deficiencies are considered one of several factors that can induce doubt in the diagnosis based only in visual symptoms, because it makes identification more difficult. The aim of this work was to evaluate the development of Zantedeschia and the morphological changes resulting from nutritional disorders caused by multiple and simple nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency in plants grown in nutrient solution. Zantedeschia plants were grown for a period of eight months in a complete Hoagland and Arnon (1950) solution, with nitrogen (-N) omission, with phosphorus (-P) omission, with nitrogen and phosphorus (-NP) omission, and also nutrient solution with N and P at concentrations of 25, 50 and 75%, totalizing 7 treatments, with 4 replicates in a completely randomized experimental design. At the end of the experimental period, plant height, number of emitted leaves, leaf size, number and mineral composition of shoots were assessed. The omission of nutrients both in simple and multiple forms affected plant development. The highest shoot formation occurred in plants grown in solution and with 50% of the concentration of NP. The mineral composition of macronutrients present in leaves and shoots of plants was influenced by multiple deficiencies of N and P.
Highlights
Zantedeschia or calla lily [Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng.] is a perennial, rhizomatous plant, grown as cut flower and garden plant, which is grown mainly in the Southeast region of Brazil (ALMEIDA et al, 2009; LANDGRAF; PAIVA, 2009).Plants that reach about 90 cm in height (CARNEIRO et al, 2011), present green leaves, forming clumps due to the rhizome, which has many growth points and whose leaf buds can be divided to produce seedlings
Plants grown in solution with the omission of macronutrients showed lower dry mass yield when compared to those grown in the complete solution, and the omission of NP and P yielded lower values (Table 1)
Leaf buds of plants grown in solution with simple omission of N and multiple omission of P and N had the lowest S contents
Summary
Zantedeschia or calla lily [Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng.] is a perennial, rhizomatous plant, grown as cut flower and garden plant, which is grown mainly in the Southeast region of Brazil (ALMEIDA et al, 2009; LANDGRAF; PAIVA, 2009). Plants that reach about 90 cm in height (CARNEIRO et al, 2011), present green leaves, forming clumps due to the rhizome, which has many growth points and whose leaf buds can be divided to produce seedlings. Both the number and height of leaf buds produced are important variables, since the division of leaf buds and rhizomes is the primary method of propagation of the species (CARNEIRO et al, 2011). The dark-green color of leaves is one of the first symptoms of P deficiency in many species, growth is reduced and, in conditions of severe deficiency, plants become dwarf (EPSTEIN; BLOOM, 2006)
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