Multiple Micronutrient Deficiencies in a Child With Short Bowel Syndrome and Normal Somatic Growth

Abstract

Children with short bowel syndrome (SBS) are at risk for a variety of macro- and micronutrient deficiencies and other complications as a result of loss of small bowel surface area (1). The amount and location of small intestine loss in SBS will generally define the degree of nutrient malabsorption and the likelihood of micro-nutrient deficiencies. Duodenal resection, for example, can result in iron and folate deficiencies. Extensive jejunal resection can lead to malabsorption of carbohydrates, proteins, and calcium. The terminal ileum is the primary site of absorption of vitamin B12 and bile salts. Bile salt malabsorption can in turn present with steatorrhea and deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K. Ileocolonic resection can predispose to several problems as a result of the loss of the ileocecal valve, resulting in loss of the ileal break, increased risk of anastomotic ulcers, and bacterial overgrowth. The extent of nutrient malabsorption in SBS is generally assessed by history and physical examination, including assessment of growth parameters. Normal somatic growth generally implies adequate energy and macronutrient absorption. We describe a patient with SBS who developed severe iron-deficiency anemia and multiple micronutrient deficiencies despite normal growth, full oral intake, and limited ileal resection.