Multiple Gas Reduction Strategy

Abstract

The Kyoto protocol defines six types of greenhouse gases (GHGs) for future emission control. They are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). HFCs, PFCs and SF6 are often called F-gases. Therefore, multiple gas reduction flexibility should be assessed. These non-CO2 GHGs can be converted to CO2 equivalent amounts by weighting the 100 year global warming potential (GWP). Although a large number of studies have been made on fossil fuel CO2 reduction potential, there is little agreement as to non-CO2 gas emissions and reduction potential. This chapter explores a little further the explicit assessment of a multiple gas emission scenario, based on the endogenous assessment by emission factor and activity data. The emission of each non-CO2 GHG is calculated endogenously by the sum of the product of the emission factor and the endogenous activity index using an integrated assessment model, GRAPE (Global Relationship Assessment to Protect the Environment). The model consists of five modules dealing with issues on energy, climate, land use, macroeconomics, and environmental impacts.