Multiple-Fidelity Modeling of Interactional Aerodynamics

Abstract

The interaction of trailing vortices with lifting surfaces is investigated using two levels of modeling fidelity. An overset mesh-based Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes solver is considered as the high-fidelity computational model. A lower-fidelity model is developed by combining a vortex panel method with a propeller aerodynamic model and slipstream theory. The high-fidelity model is first validated against available experimental data obtained from the interaction of a trailing vortex generated by an upstream wing with a downstream wing. The ability of both models to represent the development of the vortex wake and integrated loads is assessed for a number of parametric configurations, including a case in which the vortex core directly impinges on the wing surface. Following this, isolated propeller and wing-mounted propeller configurations are studied. In all of these cases, the high-fidelity model is effective in predicting the details of the flow and integrated airloads. The low-fidelity model, although less accurate, is shown to accurately predict interactional air loads and performance at orders of magnitude less cost than the high-fidelity model, justifying its role as a viable tool in design and trajectory-planning applications.