Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a serious condition in which the support of blood pumped by the heart is insufficient to meet the demands of body at a normal cardiac filling pressure. Approximately 26 million patients worldwide are suffering from heart failure and about 17–45% of patients with heart failure die within 1-year, and the majority die within 5-years admitted to a hospital. The molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of heart failure have been poorly studied. We compared the gene expression profiles between patients with heart failure (n = 177) and without heart failure (n = 136) using multiple feature selection strategies and identified 38 HF signature genes. The support vector machine (SVM) classifier based on these 38 genes evaluated with leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) achieved great performance with sensitivity of 0.983 and specificity of 0.963. The network analysis suggested that the hub gene SMOC2 may play important roles in HF. Other genes, such as FCN3, HMGN2, and SERPINA3, also showed great promises. Our results can facilitate the early detection of heart failure and can reveal its molecular mechanisms.
Highlights
Heart failure (HF) is a serious condition in which the support of blood pumped by the heart is insufficient to meet the demands of body at a normal cardiac filling pressure (Ramachandra et al, 2020)
38 genes were selected from our prediction model of support vector machine (SVM), implying strong relevance with the pathological mechanisms of HF
FCN3, a member of ficolin/opsonin p35 lectin family which consists of a collagen-like domain and a fibrinogen-like domain, which were found in all human serum
Summary
Heart failure (HF) is a serious condition in which the support of blood pumped by the heart is insufficient to meet the demands of body at a normal cardiac filling pressure (Ramachandra et al, 2020). Defined as a syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, HF is the major cause of death and a serious threat to human health for a long period (Jarcho, 2020). 26 million patients worldwide are suffering from heart failure, and the society faces the long-term great stresses on patients, medical stuff, and medical systems (Bowen et al, 2020). About 17–45% of patients with heart failure die within 1 year, and the majority die within 5 years admitted to a hospital in worldwide (Davison and Cotter, 2015; Zhou et al, 2020). The survival rates for patients with HF have improved in many parts of the world in recent years along with the advanced therapies and patient management systems. Heart failure is a complex disease, and so many factors are responsible that it is hard to blame it on one specific issue (McMurray and Pfeffer, 2005)
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