Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a highly dynamic accumulation of resident and infiltrating tumor cells, responsible for growth and invasion. The authors focused on the leading-edge concepts regarding the glioblastoma microenvironment. Due to the fact that the modern trend in the research and treatment of glioblastoma is represented by multiple approaches that target not only the primary tumor but also the neighboring tissue, the study of the microenvironment in the peritumoral tissue is an appealing direction for current and future therapies.
Highlights
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and accounts for approximately 60–70% of malignant astrocytoma
IDH1/2 mutations are generally found to positively correlate with other genetic abnormalities that are common to diffuse gliomas such as TP53 and ATRX mutations in astrocytomas and 1p/19q co-deletion in oligodendroglial tumors, while they display an inverse correlation with EGFR gene amplification and monosomy of chromosome 10, alterations that more commonly occur in primary GBMs [2,16]
In 2002, the oxygen levels were recorded in the peritumoral and intratumoral regions of glioblastoma: the results identified less oxygen in the intratumoral than in the peritumoral tissue: 1.25% vs. 2.5% O2 [80]
Summary
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and accounts for approximately 60–70% of malignant astrocytoma. 9), hydrolytic enzymes, bioactive lipids, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ous signaling pathways, hijacking their primary role in tissue repair and promoting nitric oxide (NO). This range of mediators manipulate, either by activation or by suppreslow anti-tumoral immunity, cancer cell survival, angiogenesis, andininvasion [1,10,11]. Sion, numerous signaling pathways, hijacking their primary role tissue repair and fiTumor growth is accompanied by hypoxia and abnormal vascular proliferation, acnally promoting low anti-tumoral immunity, cancer cell survival, angiogenesis, and invativating inflammatory and immune cells In addition to the control genes and epigenetic changes, all these different elements that form particular niches in GBM (inflammation, hypoxia, metabolic alterations, and vascular modifications) will be further detailed
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
