Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome: A Study of 25 Senegalese Cases

Moustapha Niasse,Saer Diadié,Diouf Coumba,Alain Dimitri Walah Mabom,Baïdy Sy Kane,Moudine Dézoumbé,Saïdou Diallo,Yetna Tcheindah,Carole Makougang

doi:10.4236/ojra.2020.101003

Moustapha Niasse, Saer Diadié + Show 7 more

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https://doi.org/10.4236/ojra.2020.101003

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Abstract

Introduction: Multiple autoimmune syndrome is rarely described in the African literature. We report 25 cases. Patients and Method: A Retrospective, descriptive study was carried out in the Rheumatology Department of Aristide Le Dantec University Hospital in Dakar from 2013 to September 2019. Patients with at least 3 distinct autoimmune diseases were included. Results: Twenty-five cases of multiple autoimmune syndrome were collected in 23 women and 2 men, with a mean age of 42.4 years (extremes: 24 and 67 years). The mode of discovery of the disease was a connective tissue disease in 19 cases (76%) and an organ-specific autoimmune disease in 6 cases. According to Humbert and Dupond’s classification, 18 patients (72%) had both type 2 and type 3 criteria. An isolated type 2 was noted in 5 cases (20%) and an isolated type 3 in 1 case (4%). One case (4%) was unclassifiable. The evolution under treatment was marked by remission in 84% of cases. Conclusion: Multiple autoimmune syndromes account for 5.66% of the autoimmune diseases in our study. They predominate in young women with a mean age of 42.4 years. Not all entities were classifiable by the Humbert and Dupond’s classification. The evolution under treatment was marked by remission in 84% of cases.

Highlights

Multiple autoimmune syndrome is rarely described in the African literature
We have systemic autoimmune diseases, called connective tissue diseases, where the antigen is located in several organs [rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic scleroderma (SSC)...]
25% - 30% of autoimmune diseases are thought to progress to polyautoimmunity [2], multiple autoimmune syndrome is more commonly reported in the Western literature [2]-[11]

Summary

Introduction

Multiple autoimmune syndrome is rarely described in the African literature. We report 25 cases. Results: Twenty-five cases of multiple autoimmune syndrome were collected in women and 2 men, with a mean age of 42.4 years (extremes: and 67 years). Conclusion: Multiple autoimmune syndromes account for 5.66% of the autoimmune diseases in our study. They predominate in young women with a mean age of 42.4 years. We have systemic autoimmune diseases, called connective tissue diseases, where the antigen is located in several organs [rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic scleroderma (SSC)...]. The association of at least three autoimmune diseases was individualized in 1988 by Humbert and Dupont as multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS) [1]. In Southern Africa [12] [13], and in North Africa [14] [15] [16] [17], the disease was described as isolated observations or short series [12]-[17]

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