Abstract
A numerical modeling method is proposed for the melting process of Titanium metals of Titanium alloys powder preparation used for 3D printing. The melting process simulation, which involves the tight coupling between electromagnetic field, thermal field and fluid flow as well as deformation associated during the melting process, is conducted by adopting the finite element method. A two-way coupling strategy is used to include the interactions between these fields by incorporating the material properties dependent on temperature and the coupling terms. In addition, heat radiation and phase change are also considered in this paper. The arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian formulation is exploited to model the deformation of Titanium metal during the melting process. The distribution of electromagnetic flux density, eddy current density, temperature, and fluid flow velocity at different time can be determined by utilizing this numerical method. In a word, the method proposed in this paper provides a general way to predict the melting process of electrode induction melting gas atomization (EIGA) dynamically, and it also could be used as a reference for the design and optimization of EIGA.
Highlights
A numerical modeling method is proposed for the melting process of Titanium metals of Titanium alloys powder preparation used for 3D printing
The powder preparation methods of spherical metal powders for 3D printing can be classified into different categories, such as gas atomization, plasma gas atomization, electrode induction melting gas atomization (EIGA), induction melting, water atomization, and vacuum induction melting[2,5,6]
The simulation results of EIGA for different fields at certain times are shown in Figs. 8, 9, 10 and 11
Summary
For the heat transfer analysis, there are 2 types of heat dissipation methods for the surface boundary, namely, surface radiation, natural convection. The boundary conditions for the surface radiation and natural convection are determined by the following equations. Where εr is the surface emissivity, σrad is the Boltzmann constant, σrad = 5.67 * 10–8, and Tamb is ambient temperature, Tamb = 293.15 K. It is assumed that the ambient temperature Tamb is a fixed value, and the ambient can be considered as a black body which means that the emissivity εr = 1. Where h is the natural convection coefficient.
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