Abstract
Fifth-generation (5G) communication has a non-line-of-sight (non-LOS) property, in that it cannot pass through obstacles due to the characteristics of ultra-high frequencies. This can lead to a high packet loss rate, which results in loss-based congestion. As the demand for high-quality video streaming services increases, multipath-based Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) adaptive streaming has been widely studied. It has the advantage of improving stability using bandwidth aggregation and alternative transmission. The request policies of existing systems degrade bandwidth utilization by the ON-OFF traffic pattern and degrade the quality-of-experience (QoE) due to incorrect bandwidth estimation. In the 5G environment, the above problems are exacerbated by severe network asymmetry, and buffer underflow occurs due to the drastic bandwidth changes in a non-LOS environment. We propose a multipath-based transmission scheme to solve the problem of HTTP adaptive streaming in a 5G environment. The proposed scheme presents a multipath-based collective segment request policy for accurate aggregated bandwidth estimation and bandwidth utilization improvement. The aggregated bandwidth estimation measures both block-based and segment-based bandwidth estimation values to improve network responsiveness and stability. We propose a rate adaptation scheme to improve bandwidth utilization and QoE. We also present a segment scheduler to solve the out-of-order problem in multipath-based transmission, and propose an offloading control scheme based on a partial-segment-based request policy to prevent buffer underflow due to sudden bandwidth reduction in the non-LOS 5G environment. Quantitative results from simulations suggest that our scheme solves the shortcomings of the existing solutions improving both bandwidth utilization and QoE.
Highlights
Fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication networks have been developed and commercialized
FEATURES OF 5G new radio (NR) Overall, millimeter wave (mmWave) networks are expected to reach an order of magnitude increase in throughput over current systems owing to the larger bandwidth available, but this improvement is associated with more troublesome propagation conditions
In conventional multipath-based Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) adaptive streaming systems, the drawback of the segment request policy is that bandwidth utilization is degraded by the frequency of OFF periods
Summary
Fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication networks have been developed and commercialized. In conventional multipath-based HTTP adaptive streaming systems, the client simultaneously requests and downloads video segments of lower quality than the available bandwidth through multiple paths [20]. The problems of multipath-based conventional HTTP adaptive streaming systems are exacerbated by severe network asymmetry in the 5G NR environment. We present a multipath-based HTTP adaptive streaming scheme for a 5G NR environment. The proposed policy requests multiple segments simultaneously for each path based on a group during the request interval The purpose of this method is to continuously download multiple segments, reducing the frequency of OFF periods and improving the bandwidth utilization of each path. We propose a segment scheduling scheme to prevent the reordering problem in multipath environments This allows segments to be downloaded sequentially when multiple segments are requested from multiple paths.
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