Multipath Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs): Performance Evaluation in Various Conditions

Abstract

The number of accidents on highways is not only caused by heavy traffic but also by human error and lack of means for road safety supports. To overcome these problems, VANET technologies are applied. VANET acts as a crucial role in serving a high level of protection from danger and convenience to the users of the roads. Each vehicle in VANET is equipped with wireless networking devices and electronic sensors through which they can detect surrounding conditions and send appropriate information such as an emergency warning to neighboring vehicles. In VANET, routing protocols have important roles as their responsibilities to make sure that data are delivered to destinations via best-chosen routes properly and timely. This study aims to evaluate routing protocols for road safety applications which have high reliability in facing various obstacles and the frequently broken links. This research was conducted using simulation method which utilized software tools as follows: Network Simulator 2 (NS2) as a network simulator, OpenStreetMap (OSM) as a vehicle road infrastructure map, and Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) as a traffic simulator. The simulation ran under Linux Ubuntu operating system. We undertook the experiments using Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) in various traffic conditions and simulation parameters on Jakarta toll road with realistic vehicle mobility models. Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and End to End Delay (E2ED), which are commonly used as metrics for road safety applications, are measured to see the performance.