Abstract
In this paper, we propose a three-party semiquantum key agreement (SQKA) protocol based on d-level single-particle states first, where one quantum communicant and two semiquantum communicants can generate a final shared key via the quantum channel equally. The semiquantum communicants need to perform quantum measurement operations and encode their secret keys with the qudit shifting operation. The security analysis turns out that this protocol can resist both the external attack and the participant attack. Compared with the only previous SQKA protocol within d-level quantum system (Li et al., 2020), this protocol has the following advantages: (1) it can establish a final shared key between one quantum party and two semiquantum parties; and (2) it does not employ permutation operations from the semiquantum party Finally, this protocol is extended to its counterpart of N-party.
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