Multiparticle production and thermalization in high-energy QCD

Abstract

We argue that multiparticle production in high energy hadron and nuclear collisions can be considered as proceeding through the production of gluons in the background classical field. In this approach we derive the gluon spectrum immediately after the collision and find that at high energies it is parametrically enhanced by $\text{ln}(1/x)$ with respect to the quasiclassical result ($x$ is the Bjorken variable). We show that the produced gluon spectrum becomes thermal (in three dimensions) with an effective temperature determined by the saturation momentum ${Q}_{s},T=c{Q}_{s}/2\ensuremath{\pi}$ during the time $\ensuremath{\sim}1/T$; we estimate $c=\sqrt{2\ensuremath{\pi}}/2\ensuremath{\simeq}1.2$. Although this result by itself does not imply that the gluon spectrum will remain thermal at later times, it has an interesting applications to heavy ion collisions. In particular, we discuss the possibility of Bose-Einstein condensation of the produced gluon pairs and estimate the viscosity of the produced gluon system.