Abstract
The momentum spectra of charged pions (π+ and π−) and kaons (K+ and K−), as well as protons (p), produced in the beam proton-induced collisions in a 90 cm long graphite target (proton-carbon (p-C) collisions) at the beam momentum pLab=31 GeV/c are studied in the framework of a multisource thermal model by using Boltzmann distribution and the Monte Carlo method. The theoretical model results are approximately in agreement with the experimental data measured by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration. The related free parameters (effective temperature, rapidity shifts, and fraction of nonleading protons) and derived quantities (average transverse momentum and initial quasitemperature) under given experimental conditions are obtained. The considered free parameters and derived quantities are shown to be strongly dependent on the emission angle over a range from 0 to 380 mrad and weakly dependent on longitudinal position (graphite target thickness) over a range from 0 to 90 cm.
Highlights
High-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions with nearly zero impact parameter are believed to form Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) or quark matter [1,2,3] in the laboratory
We summarize here our main observations and conclusions: (a) The momentum spectra of π+, π−, K+, K−, and p produced in p-C collisions at 31 GeV/c are analyzed in the framework of a multisource thermal model by using the Boltzmann distribution and Monte Carlo method
There is no obvious change in T and Δy when z increases due to a not too large energy loss in a not too long graphite target
Summary
High-energy (relativistic) nucleus-nucleus (heavy ion) collisions with nearly zero impact parameter (central collisions) are believed to form Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) or quark matter [1,2,3] in the laboratory. High-energy nucleusnucleus collisions with a large impact parameter are not expected to form QGP due to low particle multiplicity yielding lower energy density and temperature [4]. Χ2/ndof 83/9 64/6 118/6 71/3 29/2 extremely wide applications in experimental measurements and theoretical studies in subatomic physics, especially in high energy and nuclear physics. In view of this importance, in this paper, we are interested in the study of proton-nucleus collisions at high energy by using the Boltzmann distribution and the Monte Carlo method in the framework of the multisource thermal model [31].
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