Multiparametric MRI and MRI-TRUS fusion biopsy in patients with prior negative prostate biopsy

Abstract

Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) plays an increasingly important role in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnostics and is recommended in men with previously negative TRUS biopsy. The optimal biopsy method after mpMRI is under discussion. Prospective, PIRADS- and START-conform analysis of the relevance of mpMRI and MRI-TRUS fusion biopsy in patients with prior negative TRUS biopsy and comparison of the detection rates of fusion-targeted biopsies (tB) and systematic transperineal saturation biopsies (sB). Between 10/2012 and 09/2015, 287 patients with prior negative TRUS biopsy underwent mpMRI and software-assisted, rigid MRI-TRUS fusion biopsy. In addition to and strictly separated from sB (median cores n= 24), tB (median cores per patient n= 4, per lesion n= 3) were performed in case of suspicious MRI lesions (PIRADS ≥2). Both biopsy methods were compared by using McNemar's test. Of the287 patients,148 (52 %) had positive biopsies. Of these,108/287 (38 %) had significant PCa (Gleason Score [GS]= 3+ 3 and PSA ≥10ng/ml or GS ≥3+ 4) and again 43/287 (15 %) had aGS ≥4+ 3 PCa. sB failed to diagnose8/148 PCa (5.4 %) and6/108 significant PCa (5.5 %), whereas tB failed to diagnose 48 (32.4 %) PCa (p <0.0001) and 22 (20.4 %) significant PCa (p =0.0046). Of the PCa missed by tB, 11 had aGS ≥3+ 4 and5 of these aGS= 4+ 3. On aper patient basis, MRI failed to detect5 significant PCa, whereby 17 of the significant PCa were missed by fusion-targeted cores alone. In men with unsuspicious MRI (PIRADS <3), there is a11 % risk of significant PCa. In case of suspicious MRI lesions, the combination of both biopsy approaches offers maximum tumor detection.