Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and subsequent MRI/ultrasonography fusion‐guided biopsy increase the detection of anteriorly located prostate cancers

Abstract

To describe the detection rate of anteriorly located prostate cancer (PCa) with the addition of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/ultrasonography (US) fusion-guided biopsy (FGB) to the standard transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsy. All patients, regardless of their biopsy history, who were referred for clinical suspicion of PCa (i.e elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and abnormal digital rectal examination) underwent 3T multiparametric-MRI (mpMRI) screening; and those with suspicious lesions in the anterior region of the prostate were identified. Patients then received a FGB of all suspicious lesions in addition to a systematic 12-core extended sextant TRUS-guided biopsy. We conducted a lesion-based analysis comparing cancer detection rates of anterior targets using FGB vs systematic cores taken from the same anatomic sextant within the prostate. Lengths of cancer in the most involved core were also compared between the two biopsy techniques used. Patients with only anterior targets were analysed separately. Of 499 patients undergoing FGB, 162 had a total of 241 anterior lesions. The mean age, PSA level and prostate volume in this group were 62 years, 12.7 ng/dL, and 57 mL, respectively. In total, PCa was diagnosed in 121 anterior lesions (50.2%) identified on mpMRI. Sixty-two (25.7%) of these anterior lesions were documented as positive for cancer on systematic 12-core TRUS-guided biopsy cores, while 97 (40.2%) were positive on the targeted FGB cores (P = 0.001). In lesions that were positive on both FGB and TRUS biopsy, the most involved core was 112% longer on FGB (3.7 vs 1.6 mm, P ≤ 0.01). Forty-two patients had only anterior lesions on mpMRI; of these, 24 (57.1%) were found to have cancer on the FGB + TRUS biopsy platform. Six patients were positive on FGB only and 13 were positive on both biopsy techniques; however, 7/13 patients were upgraded to a higher Gleason score after FGB. All five patients positive on TRUS biopsy only were candidates for active surveillance. The results showed that FGB detects significantly more anteriorly located PCa than does TRUS-guided biopsy alone and it may serve as an effective tool for the subset of patients with such tumours.