Multi-Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of Atratylodes macrocephala Polysaccharides and Antioxidants Using Response Surface Methodology and Desirability Function Approach.

Jin-Bao Pu,Jing Chen,Jie Zhou,Wei-Qing Liang,Pan Xu,Yi-Juan Hu,Bo-Hou Xia,Hong-Jian Zhang

doi:10.3390/molecules201219837

Abstract

Rhizoma Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides (RAMP) have been reported to have a variety of important biological activities. In this study, an ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) was employed to obtain the highest extraction yield and strongest antioxidant activity of RAMP and optimized by a multi-response optimization process. A three-level four-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) was performed as response surface methodology (RSM) with desirability function (DF) to attain the optimal extraction parameters. The DPPH scavenging percentage was used to represent the antioxidant ability of RAMP. The maximum D value (0.328), along with the maximum yield (59.92%) and DPPH scavenging percentage (13.28%) were achieved at 90.54 min, 57.99 °C, 1.95% cellulase and 225.29 W. These values were further validated and found to be in good agreement with the predicted values. Compared to the other extraction methods, both the yield and scavenging percentage of RAMP obtained by UAEE was favorable and the method appeared to be time-saving and of high efficiency. These results demostrated that UAEE is an appropriate and effective extraction technique. Moreover, RSM with DF approach has been proved to be adequate for the design and optimization of the extraction parameters for RAMP. This work has a wide range of implications for the design and operation of polysaccharide extraction processes.

Highlights

Rhizoma Atractylodes macrocephala (RAM) is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, which belong to the family Asteraceae (Compositae), found mainly distributed in China, Japan, and Korea [1]
The results indicated that the linear coefficients (X1, X2, X3, X4), quadratic term coefficients (X12, X22, X32, X42) and cross product coefficients (X1 ̈ X3, X1 ̈ X4, X2 ̈ X3, X2 ̈ X4, X3 ̈ X4) were all significantly correlated with the Rhizoma Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharides (RAMP) extraction yield (p < 0.01)
An ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) process has been optimized for effective extraction of RAMP with high antioxidant activity

Summary

Introduction

Rhizoma Atractylodes macrocephala (RAM) is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, which belong to the family Asteraceae (Compositae), found mainly distributed in China, Japan, and Korea [1]. UAE is a rapid, energy efficient method that gives high extraction yields and has a minimal impact on the bioactivities [15]. With the additional of specific enzymes such as cellulase and proteases, EAE can promote the release of intracellular contents by breaking the cell wall and lipid bodies [16]. It is considered as a mild, efficient and environmentally friendly extraction method, which has been used recently in the extraction of various kinds of compounds [17]. To achieve a high yield extraction and maximize the antioxidant ability of RAMP we combined the advantages of the UAE and EAE methods, in what is defined as ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE)

Methods

Results

Conclusion