Multi-objective simulation-based optimization of controlled blind specifications to reduce energy consumption, and thermal and visual discomfort: Case studies in Iran

Abstract

This paper aims to present a multi-objective simulation-based optimization of architectural specifications and control parameters of a smart shading blind. Using the proposed method, implementation of control strategies on the window shading device and simultaneous optimization leads to a significant reduction in building energy consumption, and occupants' thermal and visual discomfort. Simulations are carried out using EnergyPlus, objective functions and decision-making parameters are identified by jEPlus, and multi-objective optimization is done by jEPlus + EA through NSGA-II. Optimization of the controlled blind is implemented in a typical office room located on a middle floor of a building, and the results are evaluated for four window orientations in six different climatic regions of Iran according to Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The decision variables are shading control strategy and its set-points and shading location, dimensions, angle, and material. The annual total building energy consumption, the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) and the discomfort glare index (DGI) are also considered as three objective functions minimized simultaneously. The weighted sum method is used to select the final answer from Pareto solutions. According to the results, based on the climate and the window orientation, the proposed optimization method leads to 2.8–47.8% decrease in the annual total building energy consumption compared to the initial design simultaneously with 15.5–69.9%, and 8.5–56.3% reduction in DGI and PPD indexes, respectively. The results clearly show how appropriate selection of the shadings specifications and their control strategy parameters can significantly not only prevent energy losses but also provide better occupants’ thermal and visual comfort.