Abstract
Abstract The production design for lignocellulosic biofuels should incorporate both environmental and economic objective. This work suggests a multi-objective optimization model design for ethanol production, which includes the economic goal balanced by limited regional land and water availability. The allocation of agricultural land to selected crops is the key decision variable. The model has four objectives, namely, minimization of ethanol cost, minimization of the water footprint of ethanol, minimization of irrigation water and maximization of farmers’ profit. The resulting multi-objective mixed-integer linear programming problem was applied to a case study of 33 districts in Maharashtra, India. Results indicated a significant trade-off between ethanol cost and irrigation water requirement. Sorghum, wheat, and cotton were the prominent crops recommended by the model. Ethanol cost varied from ₹ 47/L ($0.63/L) to ₹ 81/L ($ 1.10/L), while water footprint varied from 674 L/L to 301 L/L, irrigation water varied from 43 m 3 /ha to 2768 m 3 /ha, and farmers’ profit from ₹ 21059/ha ($ 281/ha) to ₹ 4,770 /ha ($ 64.51/ha).
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