Abstract
In this paper, a statistical analysis with response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to investigate and optimize process variables for the greener synthesis of chloromethyl ethylene carbonate (CMEC) by carbon dioxide (CO2) and epichlorohydrin (ECH). Using the design expert software, a quadratic model was developed to study the interactions effect between four independent variables and the reaction responses. The adequacy of the model was validated by correlation between the experimental and predicted values of the responses using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The proposed Box-Behnken design (BBD) method suggested 29 runs for data acquisition and modelling the response surface. The optimum reaction conditions of 353 K, 11 bar CO2 pressure, and 12 h using fresh 12% (w/w) Zr/ZIF-8 catalyst loading produced 93% conversion of ECH and 68% yield of CMEC. It was concluded that the predicted and experimental values are in excellent agreement with ±1.55% and ±1.54% relative errors from experimental results for both the conversion of ECH and CMEC yield, respectively. Therefore, statistical modelling using RSM can be used as a reliable prediction technique for system optimization for greener synthesis of chloromethyl ethylene carbonate via CO2 utilization.
Highlights
Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) chemistry has earned enormous interest in recent years due to its abundance and inexpensive nature
The empirical analysis of response surface methodology (RSM) model used to correlate the interactive relationship between the controlling factors (x1, x2, x3, and x4 ) and the predicted response Y are shown in Table 2 above
The results of the experimental trials at various process conditions show the range of the responses from 42% to 93% of ECH conversion and 16% to 68% of chloromethyl ethylene carbonate (CMEC) yield
Summary
Carbon dioxide (CO2 ) chemistry has earned enormous interest in recent years due to its abundance and inexpensive nature It is a nontoxic, non-flammable, available, and typical renewable C1 source of organic synthesis [1]. CO2 is an important “greenhouse” gas that has drawn greater attention in line with the need for the development of green engineering and sustainable society. In this regard, the development of environmentally benign and efficient synthetic of chemical utilization of CO2 has been a subject of immense research in academia as evidenced by the rising number of publications in all areas of CO2 management [2]. With the intriguing applications of organic carbonates, the use of CO2 as a raw material to synthesize cyclic organic carbonates has gained extensive attention in chemical industries [4]
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