Abstract
Based on the characteristics of electric vehicles (EVs), this paper establishes the load models of EVs under the autonomous charging mode and the coordinated charging and discharging mode. Integrating the EVs into a microgrid system which includes wind turbines (WTs), photovoltaic arrays (PVs), diesel engines (DEs), fuel cells (FCs) and a storage battery (BS), this paper establishes multi-objective economic dispatch models of a microgrid, including the lowest operating cost, the least carbon dioxide emissions, and the lowest pollutant treatment cost. After converting the multi-objective functions to a single objective function by using the judgment matrix method, we analyze the dynamic economic dispatch of the microgrid system including vehicle-to-grid (V2G) with an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm under different operation control strategies. With the example system, the proposed models and strategies are verified and analyzed. Simulation results show that the microgrid system with EVs under the coordinated charging and discharging mode has better operation economics than the autonomous charging mode. Meanwhile, the greater the load fluctuation is, the higher the operating cost of the microgrid system is.
Highlights
In recent years, people have been paying more and more attention to developing renewable energy resources due to the serious global energy shortage and environmental issues
On the basis of mathematical models of electric vehicles (EVs), considering the operating cost, pollutant treatment cost and carbon dioxide emissions as the dispatch objective functions of the microgrid system, this paper uses the judgment matrix method to convert the multi-objective functions to a single objective function, uses an improved particle swarm algorithm (PSO) to simulate an example of the microgrid system’s economic dispatch, including V2G under different operation control strategies
From 11:00 to 16:00, the costs of diesel engines (DEs) and fuel cells (FCs) are lower than the power grid, the excess electricity is fed to the power grid to improve the economics after meeting the load demand
Summary
People have been paying more and more attention to developing renewable energy resources due to the serious global energy shortage and environmental issues. It is solved by dividing the dispatch cycle into small time intervals of 1 minute or 5 minutes, and a static economic dispatch is employed to solve the problem in each interval [11] This takes the coordination of the adjacent scheduling periods into account. This paper establishes a microgrid system which includes wind turbines (WTs), photovoltaic arrays (PVs), diesel engines (DEs), fuel cells (FCs), a storage battery (BS) and plug-in EVs. On the basis of mathematical models of EVs, considering the operating cost, pollutant treatment cost and carbon dioxide emissions as the dispatch objective functions of the microgrid system, this paper uses the judgment matrix method to convert the multi-objective functions to a single objective function, uses an improved particle swarm algorithm (PSO) to simulate an example of the microgrid system’s economic dispatch, including V2G under different operation control strategies. The simulation results verify the validity of the models and strategies
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