Abstract
A new application of multiobjective and multilevel optimization techniques for steel frames is presented. Two levels: system and element, and two objectives: maximization of the total structural strain energy and minimization of the total structural weight are considered. The constraints of frequency, strength, buckling, displacement and variable-bounds are treated. Using the building codes, AISC–LRFD, AISC Seismic Provisions and Chinese GBJ17–88, formal mathematical formulations are made. A demonstration example shear steel frame under gravity and earthquake loads is given.
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