Multi-object Optimization of Corrugated Horn Antenna with Gaussian Profile Using Genetic Algorithm with High Gain for W Band

Abstract

AbstractFor communication, satellite dishes and radio telescopes for the microwave frequency band, the smooth-walled horn antenna is majorly used as a feeding antenna. Its geometrical structure with symmetry can allows all the polarization of the exciting fundamental (TE\(_1{}_1\)) mode. Problems with the smooth walled horn antenna is the unequal beam width for the E plane and H plane, so phase centers are different in an orthogonal plane, also higher sidelobes in E plane compared with H plane, which causes the back lobe and that can be eliminated by corrugating the walls. The operations of linear corrugated horn can be improved through different methods, out of them, by varying the flare angle of the profile. For high gain, the structure should be compact and with a minimum flare angle of the profile with lower cross polarisation and also the phase center is not modify according with the frequency change. This characteristic can be designed with linear corrugation, a phasing section and the Gaussian profile section and simulated in CST microwave studio. The reduced structure size, improved gain and reduced sidelobes can be achieved by optimizing algorithms, which is based on swarm intelligence and evolutionary algorithm, the corrugation slot width and the corrugation ridge width. For the practical horn antennas, gain can be nearly 18–20 dB with a minimum half power beam width approximately 10–20\({}^{\circ }\), as the pencil beam.KeywordsCorrugationOptimizationSide lobesGainBeam width