Multinucleon transfer in theXe136+Pb208reaction

Abstract

The dynamic mechanics in the multinucleon transfer reaction $^{136}\mathrm{Xe}+^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ at an incident energy of ${E}_{\mathrm{c}.\mathrm{m}.}=450$ MeV is investigated by using the improved quantum molecular dynamics model (ImQMD). The lifetime of the neck directly influences the nucleon exchange and energy dissipation between the projectile and the target. The total-kinetic-energy--mass distributions and excitation energy division of primary binary fragments and the mass distributions of primary fragments at different impact parameters are calculated. The thermal equilibrium between two reaction partners has been observed at the lifetime of a neck larger than $480\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{fm}/c$. By using the statistical decay code gemini to describe the de-excitation process of the primary fragments, the isotope production cross sections from Pt to At are compared with the prediction by the dinuclear system and GRAZING model. The calculations indicate that the GRAZING model is suitable for estimating the isotope production cross sections only for $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}Z=\ensuremath{-}1$ to +2; the DNS + gemini calculations underestimate the cross sections in the neutron-rich and neutron-deficient regions; and the ImQMD + gemini calculations give reasonable predictions of the isotope production cross sections for $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}Z=\ensuremath{-}3$ to 0.