Multi-model habitat suitability index analysis in the Red River Valley

Abstract

Recent developments in habitat modeling have led to a situation where landscape architects, planners and wildlife biologists can study proposed landscape modifications and configurations simultaneously upon multiple species. Proposed development of the M.B. Johnson nature interpretive area in Clay County Minnesota illustrates this multi-model process. Nineteen species were studied: Blackcapped Chickadee (Parus atricapillus), Gray Partridge (Perdix perdix), Yellow warbler (Dendroica magna), Downy Woodpecker (Picoides pubescens), Beaver (Castor canadensis), Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus), Wood Duck (Aix sponsa), Gray Squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis), Fox Squirrel (Sciurus niger), Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus), Mink (Mustela vison), Pine Warbler (Dendroica pinus), Yellow-headed Blackbird (Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus), Red-winged Black-bird Agelaius phoeniceus), Great Blue Heron (Adrea herodias), Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus), Veery (Catharus fuscescens) and Belted Kingfisher (Megaceryle alcyon). Landscape iterations were examined to increase species diversity as measured by fauna richness number, Simn's Index and Shannon-Weiner Index. In addition, aesthetic values, hydrological constraints, cost criteria and time-benefit criteria affected the development of the landscape. The modeling process led to the creation of a prairie-scape matrix, shrubland patches, cropland patches, wetland patch and additional woodland matrix features. The multi-modeling procedure is described as a decision tool, as a form giver, as an indicator of goal achievement, as a time saver, as a communication device and as a temporary technology. In addition, the multi-modeling procedure is described within a human behavioral context and within the political arena.