Abstract
Oral biofilm formation and progression on the surface of the tooth can lead to advanced oral disease such as gingivitis. The purpose of this randomized, controlled, double-blinded study was to evaluate the effects of a novel dental gel on oral plaque biofilm using multimodal imaging techniques. Twenty-five subjects with moderate gingival inflammation (Löe and Silness Gingival Index ≥2) and pocket depths <4 were randomly assigned to brush twice daily for 21 days with the test or the control dental gel. In vivo multimodality in situ imaging was performed over a 3-week period using in vivo Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Non-Linear Optical microscopy (NLOM). Plaque levels, gingival inflammation and gingival bleeding were also charted on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 using standard clinical indices. After 3 weeks, OCT and NLOM images showed a macroscopic break-up of the plaque layer and smaller, fragmented residual deposits in the test group with no apparent changes in the pellicle. Biofilm was also reduced in the control group, but to a lesser degree with regard to thickness, continuity and surface area. Paralleling these imaging results, clinical indices were significantly improved in both groups (P < 0.05) and significantly lower in the test group (P < 0.05). Both dental gels reduced oral biofilm with the test gel showing greater efficacy (P < 0.05) as determined by clinical and imaging parameters.
Highlights
A recent publication evaluating data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) found that 47% of adults in the US suffer from periodontitis, the progressed disease of gingivitis [1]
The initiation of gingival inflammation and subsequent destruction of periodontal tissues has been found to originate from oral biofilm [2]
Biofilm consists of a group of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular polysaccharide matrix that are attached to the tooth surface [3] and are more generally known as plaque
Summary
A recent publication evaluating data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) found that 47% of adults in the US suffer from periodontitis, the progressed disease of gingivitis [1]. The initiation of gingival inflammation and subsequent destruction of periodontal tissues has been found to originate from oral biofilm [2]. Biofilm consists of a group of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular polysaccharide matrix that are attached to the tooth surface [3] and are more generally known as plaque. Biofilms, which are tightly adherent to oral surfaces, are a major cause of progressive periodontal diseases [4]. The most common method of biofilm control is through the use of dentifrices, usually in conjunction with physical tooth brushing [5]. Deviation from continuous plaque control results in the re-emergence of inflammation [7]
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